Chemistry AS: every topic explained

Atomic structure

• Particles in the atom and atomic radius (on the practice-test site)
• Isotopes (on the practice-test site)
• Electrons, energy levels and atomic orbitals (on the practice-test site)
• Ionisation energy (on the practice-test site)

Atoms, molecules and stoichiometry

• Relative masses of atoms and molecules (on the practice-test site)
• The mole and the Avogadro constant (on the practice-test site)
• Formulas (on the practice-test site)
• Reacting masses and volumes (of solutions and gases) (on the practice-test site)

Chemical bonding

• Electronegativity and bonding (on the practice-test site)
• Ionic bonding (on the practice-test site)
• Metallic bonding (on the practice-test site)
• Covalent bonding and coordinate (dative covalent) bonding (on the practice-test site)
• Shapes of molecules (on the practice-test site)
• Intermolecular forces, electronegativity and bond properties (on the practice-test site)
• Dot-and-cross diagrams (on the practice-test site)

States of matter

• The gaseous state: ideal and real gases and pV = nRT (on the practice-test site)
• Bonding and structure (on the practice-test site)

Chemical energetics

• Enthalpy change, ΔH (on the practice-test site)
• Hess's law (on the practice-test site)

Electrochemistry

• Redox processes: electron transfer and changes in oxidation number (on the practice-test site)

Equilibria

• Chemical equilibria: reversible reactions, dynamic equilibrium (on the practice-test site)
• Brønsted–Lowry theory of acids and bases (on the practice-test site)

Reaction kinetics

• Rate of reaction (on the practice-test site)
• Effect of temperature on reaction rates and the concept of activation energy (on the practice-test site)
• Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts (on the practice-test site)

The Periodic Table: chemical periodicity

• Periodicity of physical properties of the elements in Period 3 (on the practice-test site)
• Periodicity of chemical properties of the elements in Period 3 (on the practice-test site)
• Chemical periodicity of other elements (on the practice-test site)

Group 2

• Similarities and trends in the properties of the Group 2 metals, magnesium to barium (on the practice-test site)

Group 17

• Physical properties of the Group 17 elements (on the practice-test site)
• The chemical properties of the halogen elements and the hydrogen halides (on the practice-test site)
• Some reactions of the halide ions (on the practice-test site)
• The reactions of chlorine (on the practice-test site)

Nitrogen and sulfur

• Nitrogen and sulfur (on the practice-test site)

An introduction to AS Level organic chemistry

• Formulas, functional groups and the naming of organic compounds (on the practice-test site)
• Characteristic organic reactions (on the practice-test site)
• Shapes of organic molecules; σ and π bonds (on the practice-test site)
• Isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism (on the practice-test site)

Hydrocarbons

• Alkanes (on the practice-test site)
• Alkenes (on the practice-test site)

Halogen compounds

• Halogenoalkanes (on the practice-test site)

Hydroxy compounds

• Alcohols (on the practice-test site)

Carbonyl compounds

• Aldehydes and ketones (on the practice-test site)

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

• Carboxylic acids (on the practice-test site)
• Esters (on the practice-test site)

Nitrogen compounds

• Primary amines (on the practice-test site)
• Nitriles and hydroxynitriles (on the practice-test site)

Polymerisation

• Addition polymerisation (on the practice-test site)

Organic synthesis

• Organic synthesis (on the practice-test site)

Analytical techniques

• Infrared spectroscopy (on the practice-test site)
• Mass spectrometry (on the practice-test site)