Economics A2 · International economic issues. The idea in plain words, the rules to remember, the mistake to avoid and a worked example, written and checked by Mega Lecture.
Countries at different levels of development differ in population, income distribution and economic structure. Low-income countries usually have high birth rates, falling death rates, a young population and fast urban growth. Their output and jobs are concentrated in the primary sector, and they export a few primary commodities and import manufactured goods. As countries develop, employment moves from primary to secondary and then to tertiary production.
The optimum population is the size that gives the highest output per head with the existing resources and technology.
Income distribution is shown by the Lorenz curve, which plots the cumulative share of income against the cumulative share of households, and is measured by the Gini coefficient.
Rates per 1,000 are not percentages. A natural increase of 20 per 1,000 is 2%, not 20%: divide by 10 to convert.
Answer: Population grows by 1.5% a year.
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