Advertising: types of advertising and advertising techniques

Psychology A2 · Consumer Psychology. The idea in plain words, the rules to remember, the mistake to avoid and a worked example, written and checked by Mega Lecture.

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The idea

The Yale model of communication says that persuasion depends on who says what, by which route, to whom, and in what setting. Its five features are the source, the message, the medium, the audience and the situation. A credible or attractive source and a clear message persuade more, but the effect depends on the audience.

Advertising media include print, television, the internet and smartphones. Researchers test adverts with eye-tracking, which shows where and for how long people look, and with EEG, which records electrical activity of the brain. Ciceri et al. (2020) used both to compare the same adverts in print and digital formats.

Lauterborn’s 4 Cs replace the seller’s 4 Ps with the buyer’s point of view.

Rules to remember

Common mistake

Students confuse the 4 Cs with the 4 Ps. Match them in pairs: product→consumer, price→cost, place→convenience, promotion→communication.

Worked example

A bank stops opening new branches and builds an app so customers can open an account from home at any hour. Which of the 4 Cs is this, and which P does it replace?

  1. The change is about how easily the customer can get the service.
  2. In the 4 Ps, where a product is available is called place.
  3. Lauterborn replaced place with the buyer’s view of the same thing.

Answer: Convenience, which replaces place.

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