Pakistan Affairs · Foreign policy and regional issues. The idea in plain words, the rules to remember, the mistake to avoid and a worked example, written and checked by Mega Lecture.
Pakistan's foreign policy has been shaped by its search for security against a larger neighbour. In the 1950s it joined Western alliances, SEATO and the Baghdad Pact (later CENTO), and received American arms. The relationship with the USA has risen and fallen: close in the 1950s, after 1979 and after 2001; cool after 1965 and in the 1990s.
China became the steady partner after the 1963 border agreement, a friendship later marked by the Karakoram Highway and CPEC. With Afghanistan the Durand Line has been a lasting difficulty, and the Soviet invasion of 1979 made Pakistan a front-line state and host to millions of refugees. Iran and Turkey were partners in the RCD.
Do not confuse the two pacts. SEATO (1954) was about South-East Asia and Pakistan qualified through East Pakistan; the Baghdad Pact (1955), renamed CENTO in 1959, was about the Middle East and included Iran, Turkey, Iraq and Britain.
Answer: RCD (Regional Cooperation for Development).
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