Pakistan Affairs · Government and institutions. The idea in plain words, the rules to remember, the mistake to avoid and a worked example, written and checked by Mega Lecture.
The superior courts guard the Constitution. Under the 1973 Constitution as it stood after the Eighteenth Amendment (2010), the Supreme Court stood above a High Court for each province and one for Islamabad. Through judicial review these courts could declare a law void if it conflicted with the Constitution, and High Courts issued writs to protect Fundamental Rights. Amendments passed in 2024 and 2025 changed how constitutional cases are heard, so check the current position before the exam. The Federal Shariat Court has a separate task: to test laws against the injunctions of Islam.
Elections are run by the independent Election Commission of Pakistan. Members for general seats are chosen by first-past-the-post: the candidate with the most votes wins, even without a majority. Seats reserved for women and non-Muslims are filled from party lists in proportion to the general seats each party wins.
Students say the winner of a constituency needs more than half the votes. Under first-past-the-post the winner only needs more votes than any other candidate, so a candidate can win with well under 50 per cent.
Answer: P wins the seat outright with 38 per cent; no second round is held.
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