Political Science · Ideologies and political concepts. The idea in plain words, the rules to remember, the mistake to avoid and a worked example, written and checked by Mega Lecture.
Liberalism starts from the individual. It values liberty, consent, rights, the rule of law and limited government. Classical liberals wanted a minimal state and a free market. Welfare (new) liberals accept state action, such as schools and social insurance, so that everyone can really use their freedom, while keeping private enterprise.
Conservatism starts from tradition. It trusts inherited institutions and experience more than abstract theory, and prefers gradual change.
Socialism starts from the community. It seeks equality and co-operation through common or public ownership of the main means of production. Democratic socialists pursue this through elections and reform, not revolution.
Welfare liberalism and democratic socialism both support state welfare. The difference is ownership: the welfare liberal keeps a private-enterprise economy; the democratic socialist wants major industries in public hands.
Answer: Classical liberalism.
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