Chemistry · Organic chemistry. The idea in plain words, the rules to remember, the mistake to avoid and a worked example, written and checked by Mega Lecture.
Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a carbon to carbon double bond, C=C. They are unsaturated: the double bond can open so that other atoms add on. Hydrogen, steam and the halogens all add across the double bond, and one product forms each time.
Alcohols contain the –OH group. They burn, dissolve in water to give neutral solutions, react with sodium to give hydrogen, and are oxidised to carboxylic acids. Ethanol is also made by fermenting sugar with yeast.
Carboxylic acids contain the –COOH group. They are weak acids, so they react with carbonates to give a salt, water and carbon dioxide. With an alcohol and an acid catalyst they form an ester and water.
Students mix up the functional groups and the names. Check the ending: -ene has C=C, -ol has –OH, -oic acid has –COOH, and an ester name has two parts, such as ethyl ethanoate.
Answer: X is propanoic acid.
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