Angles, polygons and bearings

Maths · Geometry and measures. The idea in plain words, the rules to remember, the mistake to avoid and a worked example, written and checked by Mega Lecture.

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The idea

Most angle questions are solved with a few facts used one after another. Angles round a point, on a straight line and in a triangle have fixed totals. When a line crosses parallel lines it makes equal alternate angles and equal corresponding angles.

A polygon with n sides can be cut into n − 2 triangles, which gives the total of its interior angles. Its exterior angles always add to 360°. In a regular polygon all sides and all angles are equal. You also need the properties of special triangles and quadrilaterals.

A bearing is a direction given as an angle measured clockwise from north, written with three figures.

Rules to remember

Common mistake

Dividing 360° by the number of sides gives the exterior angle of a regular polygon, not the interior angle. Subtract it from 180° to get the interior angle.

Worked example

Four angles of a pentagon are 100°, 110°, 95° and 120°. Find the fifth angle.

  1. Sum of interior angles of a pentagon = (5 − 2) × 180° = 540°.
  2. Sum of the four known angles = 100° + 110° + 95° + 120° = 425°.
  3. Fifth angle = 540° − 425° = 115°.

Answer: 115°

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