Photosynthesis

Biology · C Interaction and interdependence. The idea in plain words, the rules to remember, the mistake to avoid and a worked example, written and checked by Mega Lecture.

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The idea

Photosynthesis changes light energy into chemical energy stored in carbon compounds. Plants, algae and some bacteria take in carbon dioxide and water and make glucose. Water is split to supply hydrogen, and the oxygen left over is released as a waste product.

Light is absorbed by pigments. Chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light best and reflects green, which is why leaves look green. Other pigments absorb some wavelengths that chlorophyll misses.

The rate depends on light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature. The factor in shortest supply is the limiting factor: raising it increases the rate, and raising any other factor does nothing.

Rules to remember

Common mistake

Students measure the Rf distance from the bottom of the paper. Both distances are measured from the origin line where the spot was placed, to the centre of the spot and to the solvent front.

Worked example

On a chromatogram of leaf pigments the solvent front is 9.0 cm from the origin. A yellow spot is 5.4 cm from the origin. Calculate its Rf value.

  1. Rf = distance moved by pigment ÷ distance moved by solvent front.
  2. Rf = 5.4 ÷ 9.0 = 0.60.

Answer: Rf = 0.60 (no unit).

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