MDCAT Biology · Biology · Cell structure and function. The idea in plain words, the rules to remember, the mistake to avoid and a worked example, written and checked by Mega Lecture.
A eukaryotic cell is divided into compartments called organelles, each with its own job. The best way to learn them is as a production line. The nucleus holds the DNA instructions. Ribosomes on the rough ER make proteins. Vesicles carry these to the Golgi apparatus, which modifies, sorts and packs them. Secretory vesicles then release them from the cell, or they stay inside as lysosomes.
Mitochondria make ATP by aerobic respiration, and chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis. Both have a double membrane, their own DNA and 70S ribosomes.
The cytoskeleton of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments gives the cell its shape and moves things inside it.
Calling ribosomes membrane-bound, or giving lysosomes a double membrane. Only the nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts have two membranes; ribosomes and centrioles have none.
Answer: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
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