Robotics

Computer Science · Automated and emerging technologies. The idea in plain words, the rules to remember, the mistake to avoid and a worked example, written and checked by Mega Lecture.

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The idea

Robotics is the branch of computer science that covers the design, construction and operation of robots. A robot is a machine that can carry out tasks under the control of a program.

Every robot has three characteristics. It has a mechanical structure or framework, such as arms, wheels and joints. It has electrical components: sensors to collect data, a microprocessor to process it and actuators to produce movement. It is also programmable, so its task can be set or changed by giving it new instructions.

Robots are used in industry, transport, agriculture, medicine, the home and entertainment. A robot does not need to look like a human, and it does not need to think for itself.

Rules to remember

Common mistake

Students often say a robot must look like a person or must be intelligent. In the exam, a robot is defined by its three characteristics, not by its shape.

Worked example

A toy car is steered by a child with a remote control. It has a motor and wheels, but no sensors, and it cannot be given a set of instructions to follow. Is it a robot?

  1. It has a mechanical structure: a body, wheels and a motor.
  2. It has no sensors to collect data about its surroundings.
  3. It is not programmable: every movement comes directly from the child, not from stored instructions.

Answer: No. It is not programmable, so it does not have all three characteristics of a robot.

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