Trading partners

Geography of Pakistan · Trade. The idea in plain words, the rules to remember, the mistake to avoid and a worked example, written and checked by Mega Lecture.

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The idea

Pakistan trades most with a small group of partners. Link each partner with its goods: oil comes from the Gulf states, machinery from China, palm oil from Malaysia and Indonesia, while textiles go mainly to the USA and Europe.

Trade is made easier by trading blocs, which are groups of countries that lower taxes on each other’s goods, and by good transport and good quality control. It is made harder by trade barriers and by problems at home such as energy shortages.

The exchange rate matters too. When the rupee falls in value, Pakistani goods become cheaper for foreign buyers, but imports such as oil cost more rupees.

Rules to remember

Common mistake

Students mix up the effect of a falling rupee. A weaker rupee makes exports cheaper for foreigners and makes imports more expensive in Pakistan, not the reverse.

Worked example

A mill in Faisalabad imports a machine priced at $5,000. The exchange rate changes from Rs 280 = $1 to Rs 300 = $1. How many more rupees does the machine now cost?

  1. Cost before = 5,000 × 280 = Rs 1,400,000.
  2. Cost after = 5,000 × 300 = Rs 1,500,000.
  3. Extra cost = 1,500,000 − 1,400,000.

Answer: Rs 100,000 more, so a falling rupee makes imports dearer.

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