Area and volume

Digital SAT · Math · Geometry and Trigonometry. The idea in plain words, the rules to remember, the mistake to avoid and a worked example, written and checked by Mega Lecture.

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The idea

The reference sheet, which you can open at any time in the SAT Math section, gives the area of a circle, a rectangle and a triangle and the volume of a rectangular box, a cylinder, a sphere, a cone and a pyramid. It does not give the area of a trapezoid or any surface area formula, so learn those. The skill is choosing the right formula and putting the right numbers in. Watch for a diameter given when the formula needs a radius, and for a slant height given when the formula needs the vertical height.

Odd shapes are made from simple ones. Split the shape into rectangles, triangles and parts of circles, then add or subtract.

Scaling is tested often. If every length of a figure is multiplied by k, every area is multiplied by k2 and every volume by k3.

Rules to remember

Common mistake

Scaling an area or a volume by the same factor as the lengths. Doubling every length makes the area 4 times as large and the volume 8 times as large, not 2 times.

Worked example

A cylinder and a cone each have a radius of 5 cm and a height of 6 cm. How much greater is the volume of the cylinder than the volume of the cone?

  1. Cylinder: πr2h = π × 52 × 6 = 150π.
  2. Cone: (1/3)πr2h = (1/3) × 150π = 50π.
  3. Difference = 150π − 50π = 100π.

Answer: 100π cubic centimeters (about 314)

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