Pakistan Affairs · The Pakistan Movement. The idea in plain words, the rules to remember, the mistake to avoid and a worked example, written and checked by Mega Lecture.
This period moves from Hindu-Muslim cooperation to a parting of ways. In the Lucknow Pact of 1916 the Congress accepted separate electorates for Muslims, and the two parties put joint demands to the British. Jinnah was its chief architect. Cooperation continued in the Khilafat Movement, which sought to protect the Ottoman Caliph after the First World War.
The break came with the Nehru Report of 1928, which rejected separate electorates. Jinnah answered with his Fourteen Points in 1929.
The British then called three Round Table Conferences in London (1930 to 1932). Indian leaders could not agree on communal representation, so the British Prime Minister settled it himself in the Communal Award of 1932.
Students think the Congress always opposed separate electorates. It accepted them in the Lucknow Pact of 1916 and rejected them twelve years later in the Nehru Report, which is why Muslims saw the report as going back on an agreement.
Answer: The Fourteen Points.
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