Pakistan Affairs · Ideological foundations. The idea in plain words, the rules to remember, the mistake to avoid and a worked example, written and checked by Mega Lecture.
Four men are linked in one chain of ideas. Shah Waliullah (1703 to 1762) worked for religious revival as Mughal power declined. He translated the Holy Quran into Persian so that more people could understand it, and he called on Ahmad Shah Abdali to check the Marathas.
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (1817 to 1898) answered the disaster of 1857 with modern education and loyalty to British rule, so that Muslims could recover.
Iqbal (1877 to 1938) gave the political idea of a Muslim state in his Allahabad Address of 1930. Jinnah (1876 to 1948) turned that idea into a country and set out his view of the new state on 11 August 1947.
Students mix up the two famous speeches. The Allahabad Address (1930) is Iqbal's and is about a Muslim state in the north-west; the 11 August 1947 speech is Jinnah's and is about equal citizenship and religious freedom.
Answer: Sir Syed Ahmad Khan.
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