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Digital SAT · Reading and Writing · Standard English Conventions. The idea in plain words, the rules to remember, the mistake to avoid and a worked example, written and checked by Mega Lecture.

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The idea

These questions test punctuation. The words in the four options are almost the same; only the marks change. Start by finding the clauses. An independent clause has a subject and a verb and can stand alone as a sentence.

Two independent clauses must be joined properly: with a period, a semicolon, or a comma plus a joining word such as "and," "but" or "so." A comma alone is not enough.

Inside a sentence, extra information that could be lifted out needs a matching pair of marks around it: two commas or two dashes. Information that the sentence needs takes no marks. Never put a single mark between a subject and its verb.

Rules to remember

Common mistake

Joining two complete sentences with only a comma. Test each side of the blank: if both can stand alone, you need a period, a semicolon, a colon, or a comma with "and," "but" or "so."

Worked example

"Quinine, a medicine made from the bark of the cinchona ______ was for centuries the main treatment for malaria." Options: (A) tree (B) tree, (C) tree; (D) tree:

  1. The subject is "Quinine" and its verb is "was."
  2. "a medicine made from the bark of the cinchona tree" is extra information: the sentence still works without it.
  3. It opens with a comma after "Quinine," so it must close with a comma. A semicolon or colon would cut the subject off from its verb.

Answer: (B) tree,

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