Chemistry: every topic explained
30 short explanations for Chemistry, one per syllabus topic: the idea, the rules, the common mistake and a worked example. Each one links to our notes and a free test on that topic.
Basic concepts
- Atoms, molecules, ions and isotopes
- The mole and Avogadro's number
- Stoichiometry, limiting reactant and yield
Experimental techniques in chemistry
Gases
- Gas laws and the ideal gas equation
- Dalton's law, Graham's law and kinetic molecular theory
- Non-ideal behaviour, liquefaction and plasma
Liquids and solids
- Intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonding
- Evaporation, vapour pressure, boiling point and liquid crystals
- Crystalline solids
Atomic structure
- Discovery of subatomic particles and Rutherford's model
- Planck's theory, Bohr's model and the hydrogen spectrum
- Quantum numbers, orbitals and electronic configuration
Chemical bonding
- Periodic trends, ionic and covalent bonds
- VSEPR theory, valence bond theory and hybridisation
- Molecular orbital theory, bond energy and dipole moment
Thermochemistry
Chemical equilibrium
- Law of mass action, Kc and Kp
- Le Chatelier's principle and industrial applications
- Ionic equilibria: pH, buffers and solubility product
Solutions
- Concentration units
- Raoult's law, ideal and non-ideal solutions
- Colligative properties, hydration and hydrolysis
Electrochemistry
- Oxidation numbers and balancing redox equations
- Electrolysis and electrolytic cells
- Galvanic cells, electrode potentials and batteries
Reaction kinetics
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